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	<title>Comments on: ASPO 6.  In Praise of&#8230; #3.  Ray Leonard.</title>
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	<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/</link>
	<description>An Evolving Exploration into the Head, Heart and Hands of Energy Descent</description>
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		<title>By: Peak Oil Survival &#187; Blog Archive &#187; An insiders view: Ray Leonard of the Kuwait Energy Company</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-57624</link>
		<dc:creator>Peak Oil Survival &#187; Blog Archive &#187; An insiders view: Ray Leonard of the Kuwait Energy Company</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 May 2008 13:23:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-57624</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;[...] Gratefully, (and so far without permission) taken verbatim from Rob Hopkins ASPO 6 conference blog posting attransitionculture.org [...]&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Gratefully, (and so far without permission) taken verbatim from Rob Hopkins ASPO 6 conference blog posting attransitionculture.org [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Adam1</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52538</link>
		<dc:creator>Adam1</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Oct 2007 09:26:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52538</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Ray, so, taking into account geological constraints and foreseeable above ground factors (projects coming on stream, project delays etc), your view is that we are going to increase production from the current 84-86 mbd to 95-100 mbd by 2012?&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ray, so, taking into account geological constraints and foreseeable above ground factors (projects coming on stream, project delays etc), your view is that we are going to increase production from the current 84-86 mbd to 95-100 mbd by 2012?</p>
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		<title>By: Ray Leonard</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52527</link>
		<dc:creator>Ray Leonard</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Sep 2007 08:53:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52527</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;These are intersting coments: Let me address a few of them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The 95-100 MMBOD plateau is all liquids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;I am taking into account political aspects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The global production, barring sudden catastrophies, is like an aircraft carrier. It is pedictable for abotu five years and to make a change in trend requires time. There are many projects on the books that are now taking place, such as the Saudi expansion to 12 MMBOD, the Azerbaijan push to 1.2 MMBOD and many deep water projects in West Africa and the GOM. However, after about 2011, there is much less on the horizon which is why it is hard to see how the increase in production could continue past that point. There are enough other factors out there, such as Iraq finally coming on stream to its potential and reserve growth from exsiting reservoirs, that I predict a plateau instead of a peak.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ray&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>These are intersting coments: Let me address a few of them.</p>
<ol>
<li>The 95-100 MMBOD plateau is all liquids</li>
<li>I am taking into account political aspects</li>
<li>The global production, barring sudden catastrophies, is like an aircraft carrier. It is pedictable for abotu five years and to make a change in trend requires time. There are many projects on the books that are now taking place, such as the Saudi expansion to 12 MMBOD, the Azerbaijan push to 1.2 MMBOD and many deep water projects in West Africa and the GOM. However, after about 2011, there is much less on the horizon which is why it is hard to see how the increase in production could continue past that point. There are enough other factors out there, such as Iraq finally coming on stream to its potential and reserve growth from exsiting reservoirs, that I predict a plateau instead of a peak.</li>
</ol>
<p>Ray</p>
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		<title>By: Adam1</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52509</link>
		<dc:creator>Adam1</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Sep 2007 22:53:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52509</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Piers Dawson-Damer  said: &quot;My recollection of Ray’s talk, and I’m sure others can confirm, that the 95-100mbpd plateau is for ‘all-liquids’.
Also, Ray’s judgement that the plateau to take place in a “very high price environment” I found to be chilling in its subtlety.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hi Piers, The OilWatch report (link in my earlier post above) was also referring to all liquids at 85 mbd. (Actuals data from the IEA and EIA)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I understand that the 95 - 100 mbd prediction that Ray Leonard reported was looking purely at the geological limits. If you plug in geo-political constraints that&#039;ll bring the number down a bit. Then if you plug in staff recruitment problems, oil services equipment (rigs etc) shortages, technical problems and other project delays and cost overruns (manifestations of reduced EROI?), I&#039;d guess that you probably come down close to the current 85 mbd for the next few years. So, in the real world, we are looking at a plateau up to 2011 or so, perhaps with a small bump in the middle. Unless the crazies in Washington and Tehran decide otherwise or a hurricane takes out too much critical oil production infrastructure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The market will continue to push the price up in order to destroy enough demand in the poorest countries to make up for the continuing growth in demand in the richer ones, particularly China.&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Piers Dawson-Damer  said: &#8220;My recollection of Ray’s talk, and I’m sure others can confirm, that the 95-100mbpd plateau is for ‘all-liquids’.<br />
Also, Ray’s judgement that the plateau to take place in a “very high price environment” I found to be chilling in its subtlety.&#8221;</p>
<p>Hi Piers, The OilWatch report (link in my earlier post above) was also referring to all liquids at 85 mbd. (Actuals data from the IEA and EIA)</p>
<p>I understand that the 95 &#8211; 100 mbd prediction that Ray Leonard reported was looking purely at the geological limits. If you plug in geo-political constraints that&#8217;ll bring the number down a bit. Then if you plug in staff recruitment problems, oil services equipment (rigs etc) shortages, technical problems and other project delays and cost overruns (manifestations of reduced EROI?), I&#8217;d guess that you probably come down close to the current 85 mbd for the next few years. So, in the real world, we are looking at a plateau up to 2011 or so, perhaps with a small bump in the middle. Unless the crazies in Washington and Tehran decide otherwise or a hurricane takes out too much critical oil production infrastructure.</p>
<p>The market will continue to push the price up in order to destroy enough demand in the poorest countries to make up for the continuing growth in demand in the richer ones, particularly China.</p>
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		<title>By: Jack</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52507</link>
		<dc:creator>Jack</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Sep 2007 13:30:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52507</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Did Mr. Leonard&#039;s talk actually attempt to address the main argument of the anti-peakists? Their thesis is that increased oil major investment in R&amp;D in the present  high-price environment (or in a future super-high-price environment) will probably lead to new, as yet unimagined extraction tools that would invalidate the peakists&#039; basic assumptions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In short, I am curious if Mr. Leonard mentioned how little (or much) the oil majors have been ramping up their tech research spending in this era of huge profits.  Too often the two sides of this debate appear to be speaking straight past each other without especially trying to refute each other&#039;s arguments.&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Did Mr. Leonard&#8217;s talk actually attempt to address the main argument of the anti-peakists? Their thesis is that increased oil major investment in R&amp;D in the present  high-price environment (or in a future super-high-price environment) will probably lead to new, as yet unimagined extraction tools that would invalidate the peakists&#8217; basic assumptions.</p>
<p>In short, I am curious if Mr. Leonard mentioned how little (or much) the oil majors have been ramping up their tech research spending in this era of huge profits.  Too often the two sides of this debate appear to be speaking straight past each other without especially trying to refute each other&#8217;s arguments.</p>
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		<title>By: jippy</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52503</link>
		<dc:creator>jippy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Sep 2007 01:41:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52503</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Cool I was worried that 85 was it. Now I can enjoy Motogp and world superbike for a litle longer.&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cool I was worried that 85 was it. Now I can enjoy Motogp and world superbike for a litle longer.</p>
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		<title>By: Ani</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52502</link>
		<dc:creator>Ani</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:27:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52502</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Hi, Thanks for this report. One quick Q: I was looking at the AAPG site to see if I could find more info about this conference. I found a link to past conference proceedings (http://www.aapg.org/education/hedberg/past/index.cfm) which does not appear to be the one you referred to.  It looks like there is a link to a conference w. only the poster sessions presented. Do you know if AAPG is deliberately not publishing proceedings? Or, how I might find out more info?  thanks.&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi, Thanks for this report. One quick Q: I was looking at the AAPG site to see if I could find more info about this conference. I found a link to past conference proceedings (<a href="http://www.aapg.org/education/hedberg/past/index.cfm" rel="nofollow">http://www.aapg.org/education/hedberg/past/index.cfm</a>) which does not appear to be the one you referred to.  It looks like there is a link to a conference w. only the poster sessions presented. Do you know if AAPG is deliberately not publishing proceedings? Or, how I might find out more info?  thanks.</p>
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		<title>By: Piers Dawson-Damer</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52500</link>
		<dc:creator>Piers Dawson-Damer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Sep 2007 19:15:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52500</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Adam,
 My recollection of Ray&#039;s talk, and I&#039;m sure others can confirm, that the 95-100mbpd plateau is for &#039;all-liquids&#039;.
 Also, Ray&#039;s judgement that the plateau to take place in a &quot;very high price environment&quot; I found to be chilling in its subtlety.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rob,
 Excellent presentation. Keep up the good work!&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Adam,<br />
 My recollection of Ray&#8217;s talk, and I&#8217;m sure others can confirm, that the 95-100mbpd plateau is for &#8216;all-liquids&#8217;.<br />
 Also, Ray&#8217;s judgement that the plateau to take place in a &#8220;very high price environment&#8221; I found to be chilling in its subtlety.</p>
<p>Rob,<br />
 Excellent presentation. Keep up the good work!</p>
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		<title>By: mat noir</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52497</link>
		<dc:creator>mat noir</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Sep 2007 17:16:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52497</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;He has to appease his employers...&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;oil+koolaid --&gt; 100 mbpd&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>He has to appease his employers&#8230;</p>
<p>oil+koolaid &#8211;&gt; 100 mbpd</p>
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		<title>By: Samu</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52496</link>
		<dc:creator>Samu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Sep 2007 17:15:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52496</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I&#039;m assuming the production for 95-100 Mb/d max is estimated due to geological constraints under optimum or semi-optimum scenario.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It probably does not take into account the possibility of increasing frequency/likelihood of over-ground problems (politics, terror attacks, refinery mismatch, outright war on Strait of Hormuz, etc).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If Iraq was &#039;fixed&#039; overnight and production ramped up, if Iran was heavily re-invested and local consumption unsubsidized, if Venezuela production problems were dealth with, if, if, if...&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I&#039;m of the opinion, based on not somewhat thorough reading of the news, that the error margin on the downside remains much greater than on the upside.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If a lot of over-ground problems are realized, we may never hit 100Mb/d, who knows?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At least the IEA public 120 Mb/d projection looks at this stage more like a fairy tale, but let&#039;s hope things turn for the better over-ground.&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m assuming the production for 95-100 Mb/d max is estimated due to geological constraints under optimum or semi-optimum scenario.</p>
<p>It probably does not take into account the possibility of increasing frequency/likelihood of over-ground problems (politics, terror attacks, refinery mismatch, outright war on Strait of Hormuz, etc).</p>
<p>If Iraq was &#8216;fixed&#8217; overnight and production ramped up, if Iran was heavily re-invested and local consumption unsubsidized, if Venezuela production problems were dealth with, if, if, if&#8230;</p>
<p>I&#8217;m of the opinion, based on not somewhat thorough reading of the news, that the error margin on the downside remains much greater than on the upside.</p>
<p>If a lot of over-ground problems are realized, we may never hit 100Mb/d, who knows?</p>
<p>At least the IEA public 120 Mb/d projection looks at this stage more like a fairy tale, but let&#8217;s hope things turn for the better over-ground.</p>
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		<title>By: Adam1</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52492</link>
		<dc:creator>Adam1</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Sep 2007 09:26:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52492</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;How does this information square with the all liquids plateau at around 85mpd that we seem to have been observing since mid 2005?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;http://www.peakoil.nl/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/oilwatch_monthly_september2007.pdf&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ray Leonard&#039;s estimate of a 95 - 100 mbd plateau presumably only takes into account the geological constraints. Is the apparently lower plateau seen so far because geo-political factors are further constraining production below what is geologically possible?&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How does this information square with the all liquids plateau at around 85mpd that we seem to have been observing since mid 2005?</p>
<p><a href="http://www.peakoil.nl/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/oilwatch_monthly_september2007.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.peakoil.nl/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/oilwatch_monthly_september2007.pdf</a></p>
<p>Ray Leonard&#8217;s estimate of a 95 &#8211; 100 mbd plateau presumably only takes into account the geological constraints. Is the apparently lower plateau seen so far because geo-political factors are further constraining production below what is geologically possible?</p>
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		<title>By: Rob</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52491</link>
		<dc:creator>Rob</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Sep 2007 06:23:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52491</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Hi Ray,
Thanks so much for the clarifications above.  As I mentioned in the first ASPO6 post, deciphering my notes, which seemed to make sense at the time, has been a bit of a challenge, so some points inevitably were lost in translation...  Thanks again for an excellent presentation.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Ray,<br />
Thanks so much for the clarifications above.  As I mentioned in the first ASPO6 post, deciphering my notes, which seemed to make sense at the time, has been a bit of a challenge, so some points inevitably were lost in translation&#8230;  Thanks again for an excellent presentation.</p>
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		<title>By: Ray Leonard</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52488</link>
		<dc:creator>Ray Leonard</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:47:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52488</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Rob, I appreciate your comments and have a few clarifications;
1. exploration: to be fair to the USGS, we compared their 2000 report using results up to 2005, plus the USGS did not have a full data base. Still, the lower number should have been obvious for many years. Publishing a higher number may have led to incorrect policy decisions.
2. reserve growth: the Hedberg Conference highlighted that for every barrel found by exploration, there were two barrels found by reserve growth in existing reservoirs. The bad news is that these barrels are higher cost and mainly stem decline rather than incerase production. Furthermore, they are mostly in areas where there is little incentive for the countries to increase production. 
3. Plateau vs peak: I actually predict a plateau around 95-100 MMBO/D rather than peak, largely because of the reserve growth potential from existing reservoirs. This could come as early as 2012.
4. The most significantr point for me from the ASPO conference was that two other industry analysts, using separate data bases and different methodologies, came up with similar conclusions. Ray&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Rob, I appreciate your comments and have a few clarifications;<br />
1. exploration: to be fair to the USGS, we compared their 2000 report using results up to 2005, plus the USGS did not have a full data base. Still, the lower number should have been obvious for many years. Publishing a higher number may have led to incorrect policy decisions.<br />
2. reserve growth: the Hedberg Conference highlighted that for every barrel found by exploration, there were two barrels found by reserve growth in existing reservoirs. The bad news is that these barrels are higher cost and mainly stem decline rather than incerase production. Furthermore, they are mostly in areas where there is little incentive for the countries to increase production.<br />
3. Plateau vs peak: I actually predict a plateau around 95-100 MMBO/D rather than peak, largely because of the reserve growth potential from existing reservoirs. This could come as early as 2012.<br />
4. The most significantr point for me from the ASPO conference was that two other industry analysts, using separate data bases and different methodologies, came up with similar conclusions. Ray</p>
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		<title>By: Stephen Watson</title>
		<link>http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/comment-page-1/#comment-52487</link>
		<dc:creator>Stephen Watson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 20:41:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://transitionculture.org/2007/09/25/aspo-6-in-praise-of-3-ray-leonard/#comment-52487</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Who knows, maybe we&#039;ll have an International Panel on Peak Oil in the next few years ...&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Stephen&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Who knows, maybe we&#8217;ll have an International Panel on Peak Oil in the next few years &#8230;</p>
<p>Stephen</p>
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